要有防控廚房油姻污染的習慣
中(zhong)國傳統的(de)(de)(de)(de)高溫(wen)烹(peng)調(diao)習(xi)慣(guan)使(shi)得家庭(ting)廚(chu)房(fang)中(zhong)長期(qi)彌漫著可怕的(de)(de)(de)(de)烹(peng)調(diao)煙(yan)(yan)霧(wu)。烹(peng)調(diao)煙(yan)(yan)霧(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)食用油(you)(you)(you)及(ji)食品(pin)在(zai)高溫(wen)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱裂(lie)解所產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)揮發(fa)性(xing)產(chan)物(wu),含有(you)許多有(you)毒有(you)害(hai)(hai)成分。上世紀50年(nian)代一位美田流行病學教(jiao)授(shou)發(fa)現居住(zhu)在(zai)舊金山的(de)(de)(de)(de)華(hua)(hua)人婦女肺(fei)(fei)癌(ai)發(fa)病率(lv)很高.而且(qie)這種肺(fei)(fei)痛細抱類型并非吸煙(yan)(yan)引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)。經過長期(qi)調(diao)查,他發(fa)現.華(hua)(hua)裔家庭(ting)有(you)吃(chi)油(you)(you)(you)炒、油(you)(you)(you)煎和油(you)(you)(you)炸(zha)食物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)慣(guan),而且(qie)大多數是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)主婦操持廚(chu)房(fang)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)烹(peng)調(diao)工作。教(jiao)授(shou)于是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)懷疑是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)與烹(peng)調(diao)油(you)(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)霧(wu)有(you)關,他采集了(le)她們(men)廚(chu)房(fang)排氣(qi)扇(shan)上沉積的(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)垢(gou),在(zai)實(shi)驗室中(zhong)進行致癌(ai)試驗.結果(guo)發(fa)現確有(you)誘發(fa)癌(ai)癥的(de)(de)(de)(de)可能性(xing)。這一發(fa)現轟動美國。近年(nian)來,中(zhong)國流行病學研究證明.飲食業炊事人員的(de)(de)(de)(de)肺(fei)(fei)痛發(fa)病率(lv)較(jiao)高。調(diao)查顯示,習(xi)慣(guan)炸(zha)炒烹(peng)調(diao)手(shou)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)做飯者比習(xi)慣(guan)煮蒸烹(peng)調(diao)手(shou)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)做飯者肺(fei)(fei)癌(ai)死亡率(lv)高出近1倍。長期(qi)接觸廚(chu)房(fang)油(you)(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)人患肺(fei)(fei)癌(ai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)幾率(lv)甚至遠遠高于不(bu)常(chang)接觸廚(chu)房(fang)油(you)(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸煙(yan)(yan)者。廚(chu)房(fang)污染源主要(yao)有(you)兩個方(fang)面:一是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從煤氣(qi)、液化(hua)氣(qi)等炊火源中(zhong)釋(shi)放出的(de)(de)(de)(de)一氧(yang)化(hua)碳、二氧(yang)化(hua)碳、氮(dan)氧(yang)化(hua)物(wu)等有(you)害(hai)(hai)氣(qi)體;二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)烹(peng)飪菜肴時產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)。
廚房烹(peng)(peng)調煙(yan)霧對人體(ti)普遍的傷害是(shi)呼吸道和(he)肺(fei)部。1976年國(guo)外醫(yi)學報告顯示(shi)煙(yan)霧a露(lu)是(shi)鼻咽(yan)癌(ai)(ai)的危險因素(su).尤其對于華人廚師.經常接觸烹(peng)(peng)調煙(yan)霧在奧咽(yan)癌(ai)(ai)的發(fa)(fa)生中(zhong)起(qi)重(zhong)要作用。后來的一系列調查和(he)研究發(fa)(fa)現,烹(peng)(peng)調煙(yan)4與肺(fei)癌(ai)(ai)的發(fa)(fa)生有關(guan),它是(shi)原發(fa)(fa)性肺(fei)鱗癌(ai)(ai)和(he)肺(fei)腺癌(ai)(ai)的主要危險因素(su)之一。
烹調煙(yan)(yan)霧是食(shi)(shi)用油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)及(ji)(ji)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)在高溫下(xia)熱(re)裂解所(suo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的揮發(fa)性(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)物。有(you)(you)許多(duo)(duo)有(you)(you)毒有(you)(you)害成分。食(shi)(shi)用油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)熱(re)氧化(hua)(hua)分解產(chan)(chan)(chan)物也很(hen)復雜,不同種(zhong)類的食(shi)(shi)用油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)在高溫下(xia)的熱(re)解產(chan)(chan)(chan)物達(da)200多(duo)(duo)種(zhong),主(zhu)要有(you)(you)醛類、酮類、烴(jing)、脂肪(fang)酸、芳(fang)香(xiang)族化(hua)(hua)合(he)(he)物及(ji)(ji)雜環(huan)化(hua)(hua)合(he)(he)物等(deng)。有(you)(you)研究報道.食(shi)(shi)用植物油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)含(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)(duo)環(huan)芳(fang)烴(jing)類物質(zhi)。我國居民常(chang)用的豆油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、菜(cai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、棉(mian)籽油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)等(deng)都含(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)量的3,4一(yi)(yi)苯(ben)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)花(hua)(hua)。對食(shi)(shi)用油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)加熱(re)后所(suo)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的煙(yan)(yan)霧進行分析,也發(fa)現多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)食(shi)(shi)用油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)煙(yan)(yan)中(zhong)含(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)苯(ben)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)花(hua)(hua)、二苯(ben)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蓖(bi)等(deng)毒性(xing)(xing)物質(zhi)。3,4-苯(ben)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)花(hua)(hua)是由(you)5個苯(ben)環(huan)構成多(duo)(duo)環(huan)芳(fang)烴(jing),是1933年第一(yi)(yi)次由(you)瀝青中(zhong)分離出來(lai)(lai)的一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)致癌烴(jing)。3,4一(yi)(yi)苯(ben)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)花(hua)(hua)的主(zhu)要來(lai)(lai)源于工(gong)業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)和生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)中(zhong)煤(mei)炭、石(shi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)和天(tian)然氣(qi)(qi)燃燒(shao)(shao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi),機動車輛(liang)排出的廢(fei)氣(qi)(qi),加工(gong)橡膠、熏制食(shi)(shi)品(pin)以及(ji)(ji)紙(zhi)煙(yan)(yan)與煙(yan)(yan)草(cao)的煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)等(deng)。據報道,一(yi)(yi)包香(xiang)煙(yan)(yan)內含(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)0.32微克(ke)(ke)的3,4-苯(ben)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)花(hua)(hua),每(mei)燒(shao)(shao)1千克(ke)(ke)煤(mei),可產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)0.21毫克(ke)(ke)3,4一(yi)(yi)苯(ben)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)花(hua)(hua)。大(da)氣(qi)(qi)中(zhong)致癌物質(zhi)有(you)(you)3,4-苯(ben)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)花(hua)(hua)、二苯(ben)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)花(hua)(hua)等(deng)十(shi)多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)多(duo)(duo)環(huan)芳(fang)香(xiang)烴(jing)。由(you)于3,4一(yi)(yi)苯(ben)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)花(hua)(hua)較為(wei)穩定(ding).在環(huan)境中(zhong)廣泛存(cun)在,且與其他多(duo)(duo)環(huan)芳(fang)烴(jing)化(hua)(hua)合(he)(he)物的含(han)(han)(han)量有(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)相(xiang)關性(xing)(xing),所(suo)以都把3,4一(yi)(yi)苯(ben)并(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)花(hua)(hua)作為(wei)大(da)氣(qi)(qi)致病物質(zhi)的代環(huan)境污染的主(zhu)要監(jian)測(ce)指(zhi)數之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。
由此可見安裝必要的廚房電器是非常有必要的!如和,這個是最能(neng)直(zhi)接作用在空氣(qi)和廢水中!